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In piracy kidnappings, the pirate leaders draw on their network to find a sponsor to finance their activities. In petro-piracy, on the other hand, the sponsor recruits the pirate groups to perform the operations. Often, piracy is sponsored by transnational “trade investors”, such as Eastern European and Asian criminal networks and mafias.
Though, it should only be considered as a phase of the longer history of piracy in West Africa – spanning form the slave trade, to the palm oil trade, and now the oil business. [20] Certainly, the exploration and production of oil, and the following boom of foreign trade, changed the piracy in West Africa. [20]
Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea affects a number of countries in West Africa as well as the wider international community. By 2011, it had become an issue of global concern. [1] [2] Pirates in the Gulf of Guinea are often part of heavily armed criminal enterprises, who employ violent methods to steal oil cargo. [3]
Resolution 2018 "welcomes the intention to convene a summit of the Gulf of Guinea heads of state in order to consider a comprehensive response in the region and encourages the states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), and the Gulf of Guinea Commission (GCC) to develop a comprehensive strategy."
Suspected pirates assemble on the deck of a dhow near waters off of western Malaysia, January 2006.. Piracy in the 21st century (commonly known as modern piracy) has taken place in a number of waters around the globe, including but not limited to, the Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Aden, [1] Arabian Sea, [2] Strait of Malacca, Sulu and Celebes Seas, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and Falcon Lake.
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Piracy had substantially increased in the Gulf of Guinea; the year began with five incidents each month, through March, in the Gulf, where acts of piracy had become heightened during 2015 through 2020, while, overall, piracy incidents declined globally. [3] The Covid-19 pandemic continued to impact maritime piracy in 2022. [4] [5]
Modern-day sea piracy occurs in the region, and has caused international security areas to be declared in the region in the 21st-century. Approximately 35 percent of all crude oil shipped by sea and one-third of all liquefied natural gas pass through the Strait of Hormuz. Such shipments are one of the targets of piracy. [1]