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When lobbying did happen in those days, it was often "practiced discreetly" with little or no public disclosure. [4] By one account, more intense lobbying in the federal government happened from 1869 and 1877 during the administration of President Grant [6] near the start of the so-called Gilded Age. The most influential lobbies wanted railroad ...
Some Lobby groups have considerable financial resources at their disposal. Lobbying is regulated to stop the worst abuses which can develop into corruption. In the United States the Internal Revenue Service makes a clear distinction between lobbying and advocacy. [18] Lobby groups spend considerable amounts of money on election advertising as well.
Political scientist Thomas R. Dye said that politics is about battling over scarce governmental resources: who gets them, where, when, why and how. [8] Since government makes the rules in a complex economy such as the United States, various organizations, businesses, individuals, nonprofits, trade groups, religions, charities and others—which are affected by these rules—will exert as much ...
Lobbying is a form of advocacy, which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary. [1] Lobbying involves direct, face-to-face contact and is carried out by various entities, including individuals acting as voters, constituents, or private citizens, corporations pursuing their business interests, nonprofits and NGOs ...
Robber baron is a term first applied as social criticism by 19th century muckrakers and others to certain wealthy, powerful, and unethical 19th-century American businessmen. The term appeared in that use as early as the August 1870 issue of The Atlantic Monthly [ 1 ] magazine.
By the late 19th century, urban and rural governments had systems in place for welfare to the poor and incapacitated. Progressives argued these needs deserved a higher priority. [ 134 ] Local public assistance programs were reformed to try to keep families together. [ 135 ]
The club movement [1] is an American women's social movement that started in the mid-19th century and spread throughout the United States. [1] It established the idea that women had a moral duty and responsibility to transform public policy.
The United States sat in a unique position in relation to the emergence of 19th century Radicalism due to its founding as a democratic republic in the American Revolution. Many of the reforms radicals advocated for in other countries had already been enacted in the United States, particularly under the administration of Andrew Jackson. [1]