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IA-64 (Intel Itanium architecture) is the instruction set architecture (ISA) of the discontinued Itanium family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors. The basic ISA specification originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was subsequently implemented by Intel in collaboration with HP. The first Itanium processor, codenamed Merced, was released in 2001.
Intel's second generation of 32-bit x86 processors, introduced built-in floating point unit (FPU), 8 KB on-chip L1 cache, and pipelining. Faster per MHz than the 386. Small number of new instructions. P5 original Pentium microprocessors, first x86 processor with super-scalar architecture and branch prediction. P6
The Intel Model-Specific Registers (MSRs) are described in-depth in the Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual, Volume 4; the link to the Intel reference manuals (PDFs) download page (which includes Vol 4):
In computing, Machine Check Architecture (MCA) is an Intel and AMD mechanism in which the CPU reports hardware errors to the operating system.. Intel's P6 and Pentium 4 family processors, AMD's K7 and K8 family processors, as well as the Itanium architecture implement a machine check architecture that provides a mechanism for detecting and reporting hardware (machine) errors, such as: system ...
The use of predication is essential in IA-64's implementation of software pipelining because it avoids the need for writing separated code for prologs and epilogs. [ clarification needed ] In the x86 architecture, a family of conditional move instructions ( CMOV and FCMOV ) were added to the architecture by the Intel Pentium Pro (1995) processor.
Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX), also called Transactional Synchronization Extensions New Instructions (TSX-NI), is an extension to the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) that adds hardware transactional memory support, speeding up execution of multi-threaded software through lock elision.
Software interrupt vector numbers are defined by the specific runtime environment, such as the IBM PC BIOS, DOS, or other operating systems. They are triggered by software using the INT instruction (either by applications, device drivers or even other interrupt handlers).
Intel 5-level paging, referred to simply as 5-level paging in Intel documents, is a processor extension for the x86-64 line of processors. [ 1 ] : 11 It extends the size of virtual addresses from 48 bits to 57 bits by adding an additional level to x86-64's multilevel page tables , increasing the addressable virtual memory from 256 TiB to 128 PiB .