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Berberis thunbergii, the Japanese barberry, Thunberg's barberry, or red barberry, [1] is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family Berberidaceae, native to Japan and eastern Asia, though widely naturalized in China and North America, where it has become a problematic invasive in many places, leading to declines in species diversity, increased tick habitat, and soil changes.
Berberis verruculosa is a shrub up to 100 cm tall, with yellow spines along the twigs. Leaves are 1.5–2 cm long, hard, leathery, glossy dark green above, vivid white below with stomatal wax; in cold winter weather, the leaves may turn purplish-green above on exposed shoots.
The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, [1] of which the majority are in the genus Berberis. The species include trees, shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants.
The best-known Berberis species is the European barberry, Berberis vulgaris, which is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and central Asia, and has been widely introduced in North America. Many of the species have spines on the shoots and all along the margins of the leaves. [3] [4]
The leaves are several centimeters long and are made up of several holly-leaf-shaped leaflets, each most often 1–2.6 centimeters long and edged with spiny teeth. [2] The leaves are purplish when new, green when mature, and greenish blue when aged. The abundant inflorescences each bear 8 to 12 bright yellow flowers, blooming in the spring. [2]
Japanese angelica tree; Japanese aralia Araliaceae (ginseng family) Aralia spinosa: Devil's walkingstick Araliaceae (ginseng family) Cussonia: cussonia trees; Cussonia spicata: spiked cabbage tree Araliaceae (ginseng family) Didymopanax: didymopanax trees; Didymopanax morototoni: yagrumo macho Araliaceae (ginseng family) Meryta: meryta trees ...
B. canadensis. In its native range, B. canadensis can be difficult to distinguish from the introduced weed species B. vulgaris.Useful distinguishing traits are that the second-year branches are brown, purple, or reddish (rather than grey) and there are fewer teeth along the edge of a leaf, and fewer flowers in an inflorescence.
Mahonia species bear pinnate leaves 10–50 cm (3.9–19.7 in) long with 3 to 15 leaflets, and flowers in racemes which are 5–20 cm (2.0–7.9 in) long. Several species are popular garden shrubs, grown for their ornamental, often spiny, evergreen foliage, yellow (or rarely red) flowers in autumn, winter and early spring, and blue-black berries .