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This disused chalk pit exposes a series of phosphate-rich chalk layers deposited 80 million years ago, during the Upper Cretaceous, under a warm sea which then covered a large part of Europe. The sediments provide evidence of severe earth movements in the area [ 185 ] and they are rich in macrofossils , especially belemnites .
The caves were used between 1830 and the 1860s for producing lime. The 25-inch to a mile (approx 1:2,500) Ordnance Survey map of 1862–63 describes the place as a "chalk pit" and marks an "engine house" and two remaining kilns. [9] A further investigation produced, among other evidence, a letter from the son of one of the workers. [10]
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The site consists of East Pit and most of the smaller West Pit (excluding a caravan park in the centre). [1] [2] East Pit is part of the Limekiln Close and East Pit Local Nature Reserve, [3] which is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire under the name Cherry Hinton Chalk Pits. [4]
Chalk mining is the extraction of chalk from underground and above ground deposits by mining. [1] Mined chalk is used mostly to make cement and bricks . Chalk mining was widespread in Britain in the 19th century because of the large amount of construction underway (and the Industrial Revolution ). [ 2 ]
[1] [2] East Pit is part of the Cherry Hinton Pit biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, which excludes Limekiln Close but includes the neighbouring West Pit. [3] [4] The two parts of the site are both former chalk quarries. East Pit is surrounded by steep walls of chalk, and the base is wildflower grassland with areas of scrub.
Purfleet Chalk Pits is a 10.7-hectare (26-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Purfleet in Essex. [1] [2] It is a Geological Conservation Review site.[3]The chalk pits expose sands and gravels which are associated with the ancient course of the River Thames.
[1] [2] It is a Geological Conservation Review site. [3] This site is described by Natural England as "important for its excellent exposures of Totternhoe Stone", dating to the mid-Cenomanian stage of the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. It has yielded many fossils of ammonites from the Lower and Middle Chalk. [4]
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