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Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls , bridge abutments, seawalls , and dikes . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although the basic principles of MSE have been used throughout history, MSE was developed in its current form in the 1960s.
[1] [2] [3] Common rock types used include granite and modular concrete blocks. [4] [5] Rubble from building and paving demolition is sometimes used, [3] [6] as well as specifically designed structures called tetrapods or similar concrete blocks. Riprap is also used underwater to cap immersed tubes sunken on the seabed to be joined into an ...
The reinforced soil's mass, along with the facing, then acts as an improved gravity wall. The reinforced mass must be built large enough to retain the pressures from the soil behind it. Gravity walls usually must be a minimum of 50 to 60 percent as deep or thick as the height of the wall, and may have to be larger if there is a slope or ...
Thermobrick block for infill. The infill wall is the supported wall that closes the perimeter of a building constructed with a three-dimensional framework structure (generally made of steel or reinforced concrete). Therefore, the structural frame ensures the bearing function, whereas the infill wall serves to separate inner and outer space ...
Rebar (short for reinforcement bar or reinforcing bar), known when massed as reinforcing steel or steel reinforcement, [1] is a tension device added to concrete to form reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and aid the concrete under tension.
A concrete spacer with a plastic clip in use Concrete spacers in a precast element Diaphragm wall block on rebar for a Diaphragm wall. A rebar spacer is a short, rod-like device used to secure reinforcing steel bars, or rebar, within cast assemblies for reinforced concrete structures. The rebar spacers are fixed before the concrete is poured ...
Figure 2 - Failure probability and target service life in performance-based service life models for reinforced concrete structures. Performance-based approaches provide for a real design of durability, based on models describing the evolution in time of degradation processes, and the definition of times at which defined limit states will be ...
An under-reinforced beam is one in which the tension capacity of the tensile reinforcement is smaller than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel (under-reinforced at tensile face). When the reinforced concrete element is subject to increasing bending moment, the tension steel yields while the concrete does ...