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  2. Vassal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassal

    A vassal swears the oath of fealty before Count Palatine Frederick I of the Palatinate. A vassal [1] or liege subject [2] is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain.

  3. Vassal state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassal_state

    A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. Vassal states were common among the empires of the Near East, dating back to the era of the Egyptian, Hittite, and Mitanni conflict, as well as in ancient China.

  4. Suzerainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzerainty

    Suzerainty (/ ˈ s uː z ər ə n t i,-r ɛ n t i /) includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

  5. Client state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_state

    A client state in the context of international relations is a state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state. [1] ...

  6. Fealty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fealty

    In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty took the form of an oath made by a vassal, or subordinate, to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties incumbent upon a vassal that were owed to the lord, which consisted of service and aid. [1] One part of the oath of fealty included swearing to always remain faithful to the lord.

  7. Homage (feudal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homage_(feudal)

    Homage (/ˈhɒmɪdʒ/ or / oʊ ˈ m ɑː ʒ / [1]) (from Medieval Latin hominaticum, lit. "pertaining to a man") in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture).

  8. Commendation ceremony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commendation_ceremony

    The vassal would clasp his hands before him in the ultimate sign of submission, the typical Christian prayer pose, and would stretch his clasped hands outward to his lord. The lord in turn grasped the vassal's hands between his own, showing he was the superior in the relationship, a symbolic act known variously as the immixtio manuum (Latin ...

  9. List of Ottoman titles and appellations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_titles_and...

    Khedive: Governor of Egypt and Sudan, and vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Kizlar Aghasi: Chief of the Eunuchs. The office entitled the holder to the style of His Highness. Kapudan Pasha: Grand Admiral or Admiral of the Fleet. The holder of the rank enjoyed the title of Pasha. Kayzer-i Rûm: Caesar of Rome, Emperor (i.e.; the Ottoman Sultan).