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The second phase began towards the end of the 1920s, when married women begin to exit the work force less and less. Labor force productivity for married women 35–44 years of age increase by 15.5 percentage points from 10% to 25%.
A National Education Association survey showed that between 1930 and 1931, 63% of cities dismissed female teachers as soon as they became married, and 77% did not hire married women as teachers. [235] Also, a survey of 1,500 cities from 1930 to 1931 found that three-quarters of those cities did not employ married women for any jobs. [236]
In addition, there were 4.5 million women working as factory operatives - this was a 112% increase since before the war. [8] The aviation industry saw the highest increase in female workers during the war. By 1943 there were 310,000 women working in the US aircraft industry, which made up 65% of the industry's total workforce. [7]
For the first nine years of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, the requirement of equal pay for equal work did not extend to persons employed in an executive, administrative or professional capacity, or as an outside salesperson. Therefore, the EPA exempted white-collar women from the protection of equal pay for equal work.
After a proposal submission to the IEB, the UAW Women's Bureau was established, electing Mildred Jeffery as its first director. December 8 and 9 1944 a women's conference was held and attended by 149 women from 46 states in 99 union locals. [6] Women addressed concerns about postwar work and issues of workplace seniority.
Born in 1882 in Russian-occupied Poland, Rose Schneiderman immigrated with her family to the United States at the age of 8 and later began working in New York garment factories. She became an activist for higher wages and better working conditions for her fellow laborers.
And then there are people like 93-year old Elinor Otto, who works in the same place she did 71 years ago. Otto works in production This Woman Began Working On Boeing Assembly Lines In 1942
In 1813, businessman Francis Cabot Lowell formed a company, the Boston Manufacturing Company, and built a textile mill next to the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts.. Unlike the earlier Rhode Island System, where only carding and spinning were done in a factory while the weaving was often put out to neighboring farms to be done by hand, the Waltham mill was the first integrated mill in ...