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Hypothyroidism is common in pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 2-3% and 0.3-0.5% for subclinical and overt hypothyroidism respectively. [8] Endemic iodine deficiency accounts for most hypothyroidism in pregnant women worldwide while chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient parts of the world.
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy typically change as pregnancy progresses, although several symptoms may be present throughout. Depending on severity, common symptoms in pregnancy can develop into complications. Pregnancy symptoms may be categorized based on trimester as well as region of the body affected. Each pregnancy can be quite different ...
A suppressed TSH could represent the hyperthyroid phase, but warrants further testing to investigate for possible Graves' disease. [6] A normal TSH with persistent symptoms could represent the shift between phases and requires repeat testing 4–6 weeks later; an elevated TSH at this time could indicate the hypothyroid phase. [6]
The diagnosis may be suspected based on signs and symptoms and then confirmed with blood tests. [1] Typically blood tests show a low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and raised T 3 or T 4 . [ 1 ] Radioiodine uptake by the thyroid, thyroid scan , and measurement of antithyroid autoantibodies (thyroidal thyrotropin receptor antibodies are ...
TSH levels are determined by a classic negative feedback system in which high levels of T3 and T4 suppress the production of TSH, and low levels of T3 and T4 increase the production of TSH. TSH levels are thus often used by doctors as a screening test, where the first approach is to determine whether TSH is elevated, suppressed, or normal. [25]
The usual signs and symptoms of pregnancy do not significantly interfere with activities of daily living or pose a health-threat to the mother or baby. [29] Complications during pregnancy can cause other more severe symptoms, such as those associated with anemia. Early signs and symptoms of pregnancy may include: [30]
Signs and symptoms [ edit ] Infants born with congenital hypothyroidism may show no effects, or may display mild effects that often go unrecognized as a problem: excessive sleeping , reduced interest in nursing , poor muscle tone , low or hoarse cry, infrequent bowel movements, significant jaundice , and low body temperature .
An anti-NTIS phenotype is observed in some circumstances, wherein TSH, T3, and T4 are generally elevated rather than suppressed. This can occur during pregnancy, obesity, cold adaptation, stay in high altitudes, endurance exercise, acute psychosis, and post-traumatic stress disorder. [2] [12]