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  2. Correspondence between the Ottoman sultan and the Cossacks

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence_between_the...

    1912 Ukrainian version of the alleged correspondence in Mykola Arkas's History of Ukraine–Rus '. The Correspondence between the Ottoman sultan and the Cossacks, [1] also variously known as the Correspondence between the Cossacks and the Ottoman/Turkish sultan, [1] is a collection of apocryphal letters claiming to be between a sultan of the Ottoman Empire (usually identified as Mehmed IV [2 ...

  3. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian...

    The "Cossacks" expansion to the video game Europa Universalis IV adapted the text of the reply for its trailer and included artwork based on the original painting, [11] the game Cossacks: European Wars has the central detail of the picture in its logo, and the game Cossacks 3 has the painting as the background of the main menu.

  4. Crusade of Varna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna

    Although Pius II officially declared a three-year crusade at the Council of Mantua to recapture Constantinople from the Ottomans, the leaders who promised 80,000 soldiers to it reneged on their commitment. [14] The Ottoman Empire was free, for several decades, from any further serious attempts to push it out of Europe. [5]

  5. Battle of Varna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Varna

    The Battle of Varna took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna in what is today eastern Bulgaria.The Ottoman army under Sultan Murad II (who did not actually rule the sultanate at the time) defeated the Crusaders commanded by King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary, John Hunyadi (acting as commander of the combined Christian forces) and Mircea II of Wallachia.

  6. Byzantine–Ottoman wars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine–Ottoman_wars

    The Ottomans combined several different fighting methods and technologies. These Sipahis were exactly unique for western knights due to their weapons and battlefield experiments. [citation needed] Ottoman rule was auspicious to the Anatolian commoner due to the aforementioned Byzantine taxes. Thus, they were able to levy vast numbers of willing ...

  7. Siege of Candia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Candia

    The siege of Candia (now Heraklion, Crete) was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian-ruled capital city of the Kingdom of Candia. [2] Lasting from 1648 to 1669, or a total of 21 years, one of the longest sieges in history.

  8. Holy League (1684) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_League_(1684)

    The Holy League (Latin: Sacra Ligua) was a coalition of Christian European nations formed during the Great Turkish War.Born out of the Treaty of Warsaw, it was founded as a means to prevent further expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Europe.

  9. First Battle of the Jordan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Jordan

    The First Transjordan attack on Amman (known to the British as the First Attack on Amman) [4] and to their enemy as the First Battle of the Jordan [5] took place between 21 March and 2 April 1918, as a consequence of the successful Battle of Tell 'Asur which occurred after the Capture of Jericho in February and the Occupation of the Jordan Valley began, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign ...