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Horticulture emerged as a distinct field from agriculture when humans sought to cultivate plants for pleasure on a smaller scale rather than exclusively for sustenance. Emerging technologies are moving the industry forward, especially in the alteration of plants to be more resistant to parasites, disease and drought.
An organic garden on a school campus. Organic horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants by following the essential principles of organic agriculture in soil building and conservation, pest management, and heirloom variety preservation.
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. [1] Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities. While humans started gathering grains at least ...
Intensive agriculture, also known as intensive farming (as opposed to extensive farming), conventional, or industrial agriculture, is a type of agriculture, both of crop plants and of animals, with higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area.
Proponents of organic farming have claimed that organic agriculture emphasizes closed nutrient cycles, biodiversity, and effective soil management providing the capacity to mitigate and even reverse the effects of climate change [164] and that organic agriculture can decrease fossil fuel emissions. [165] "The carbon sequestration efficiency of ...
Domesticated plants Crops drying in a home in Punjab, Pakistan. A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. [1] In other words, a crop is a plant or plant product that is grown for a specific purpose such as food, fibre, or fuel.
Cattle feedlot in Colorado, United States. Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.It includes day-to-day care, management, production, nutrition, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock.
Controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) -- which includes indoor agriculture (IA) and vertical farming—is a technology-based approach toward food production. The aim of CEA is to provide protection from the outdoor elements and maintain optimal growing conditions throughout the development of the crop.