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  2. Bias–variance tradeoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biasvariance_tradeoff

    In artificial neural networks, the variance increases and the bias decreases as the number of hidden units increase, [12] although this classical assumption has been the subject of recent debate. [4] Like in GLMs, regularization is typically applied. In k-nearest neighbor models, a high value of k leads to high bias and low variance (see below).

  3. Supervised learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning

    But if the learning algorithm is too flexible, it will fit each training data set differently, and hence have high variance. A key aspect of many supervised learning methods is that they are able to adjust this tradeoff between bias and variance (either automatically or by providing a bias/variance parameter that the user can adjust).

  4. Graphical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_model

    A chain graph is a graph which may have both directed and undirected edges, but without any directed cycles (i.e. if we start at any vertex and move along the graph respecting the directions of any arrows, we cannot return to the vertex we started from if we have passed an arrow). Both directed acyclic graphs and undirected graphs are special ...

  5. Bootstrap aggregating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrap_aggregating

    Reduces variance in high-variance low-bias weak learner, [13] which can improve efficiency (statistics) Can be performed in parallel, as each separate bootstrap can be processed on its own before aggregation. [14] Disadvantages: For a weak learner with high bias, bagging will also carry high bias into its aggregate [13] Loss of interpretability ...

  6. Funnel plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funnel_plot

    A funnel plot is a graph designed to check for the existence of publication bias; funnel plots are commonly used in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In the absence of publication bias, it assumes that studies with high precision will be plotted near the average, and studies with low precision will be spread evenly on both sides of the ...

  7. Multivariate adaptive regression spline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate_adaptive...

    MARS models tend to have a good bias-variance trade-off. The models are flexible enough to model non-linearity and variable interactions (thus MARS models have fairly low bias), yet the constrained form of MARS basis functions prevents too much flexibility (thus MARS models have fairly low variance).

  8. Generalization error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalization_error

    This is known as the biasvariance tradeoff. Keeping a function simple to avoid overfitting may introduce a bias in the resulting predictions, while allowing it to be more complex leads to overfitting and a higher variance in the predictions. It is impossible to minimize both simultaneously.

  9. Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapnik–Chervonenkis_theory

    Let (,) be a measurable space.For any measure on (,), and any measurable functions :, define = Measurability issues will be ignored here, for more technical detail see. [1] ...