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Feline hypersomatotropism is usually diagnosed in elderly cats. The average age of diagnosis is between 10-11 years with a range of 4-17 years. [1] The age range of dogs reported with growth hormone secreting tumours is between 7-10 years.
They may be discovered on medical imaging (even for a different reason than the cancer itself), and the diagnosis is often confirmed with liver biopsy. [2] Signs and symptoms of liver masses vary from being asymptomatic to patients presenting with an abdominal mass, hepatomegaly , abdominal pain , jaundice , or some other liver dysfunction.
Hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD or MVD) or portal atresia is a disorder where mixing of venous blood and arterial blood in the liver occurs at the microscopic level. It occurs most commonly in certain dog breeds such as the Cairn and Yorkshire terriers although any dog breed may be at risk.
Treatment of hepatomegaly varies with the cause, so accurate diagnosis is the first concern. In auto-immune liver disease, prednisone and azathioprine may be used for treatment. [3] In lymphoma the treatment options include single-agent (or multi-agent) chemotherapy and regional radiotherapy, and surgery is an option in specific situations.
[citation needed] Diagnosis and characterization of liver tumors require a distinct approach for each group of conditions, using the available procedures discussed above for each of them. The correlation with the medical history, the patient's clinical and functional (biochemical and hematological) status are important elements that should also ...
[33] Histological diagnosis by liver biopsy is the most accurate measure of fibrosis and liver fat progression as of 2018. [8] Conventional imaging methods, such as ultrasound, CT and MRI, are not specific enough to detect fatty liver disease unless fat occupies at least 30% of the liver volume.
Death can occur secondary to this or the liver disease. However, most dogs recover after a brief illness, although chronic corneal edema and kidney lesions may persist. [3] Diagnosis is made by recognizing the combination of symptoms and abnormal blood tests that occur in infectious canine hepatitis. A rising antibody titer to CAV-1 is also seen.
The symptoms are non-specific and vary widely, but it may present with the classical triad of: abdominal pain, ascites, and; liver enlargement. It is usually seen in younger adults, with the median age at diagnosis between 35 and 40 years, and it has a similar incidence in males and females. [2]