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Preoperative fasting is the practice of a surgical patient abstaining from eating or drinking ("nothing by mouth") for some time before having an operation. This is intended to prevent stomach contents from getting into the windpipe and lungs (known as a pulmonary aspiration ) while the patient is under general anesthesia . [ 1 ]
Fasting does not only refer to food and drink during Islam’s holy month
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
A diagnostic fast refers to prolonged fasting from 1–100 hours (depending on age), conducted under observation, to facilitate the investigation of a health complication (usually hypoglycemia). Many people may also fast as part of a medical procedure or a check-up, such as preceding a colonoscopy or surgery, or before certain medical tests.
Alcohol inhalation is a method of administering alcohol directly into the respiratory system, with aid of a vaporizing or nebulizing device or bag. It is chiefly applied for recreational use, when it is also referred to as alcohol smoking, but it has medical applications for testing on laboratory rats, and treatment of pulmonary edema and viral pneumonia.
To the extent that vaping aids the transition, its health effects are positive. Alternatively, smokers can substitute vaping for smoking without intending to transition. In this context, vaping is still preferred. [62] However, if vaping is used as a way to get nicotine in situations where smoking is not convenient, vaping may negatively affect ...
A 2020 review stated "Initial case reports of vaping-related lung injury date back to 2012, but the ongoing outbreak of EVALI began in the summer of 2019..." [11] At least 19 cases of vaping-associated pulmonary injuries had been reported worldwide prior to 2019. [12] Similar cases were reported in the UK and Japan before the outbreak. [13]
[164] [165] From 1 July 2024, all e-cigarettes (vapes) and vaping products can only be sold in a pharmacy. [166] The importation of disposable vapes is banned and all other vaping goods require an import licence or permit. [167] Flavours for vapes are restricted to mint, menthol, and tobacco.