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  2. Deadweight loss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_loss

    Where a tax increases linearly, the deadweight loss increases as the square of the tax increase. This means that when the size of a tax doubles, the base and height of the triangle double. Thus, doubling the tax increases the deadweight loss by a factor of 4. The varying deadweight loss from a tax also affects the government's total tax revenue.

  3. Economic surplus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_surplus

    An example of a good with generally high consumer surplus is drinking water. People would pay very high prices for drinking water, as they need it to survive. The difference in the price that they would pay, if they had to, and the amount that they pay now is their consumer surplus.

  4. Pigouvian tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigouvian_tax

    In reality, however, the net wage is the gross wage times one minus the tax rate, all divided by the price of consumption goods. With the status quo income tax, deadweight loss exists. Any addition to the price of consumption goods or an increase in the income tax extends the deadweight loss further.

  5. Monopsony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopsony

    This is a net social loss and is called deadweight loss. It is a measure of the market failure caused by monopsony power, through a wasteful misallocation of resources. As the diagram suggests, the size of both effects increases with the difference between the marginal revenue product MRP and the market wage determined on the supply curve S ...

  6. Tax wedge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_wedge

    The filled-in "wedge" created by a tax actually represents the amount of deadweight loss created by the tax. [2] Deadweight loss is the reduction in social efficiency (producer and consumer surplus) from preventing trades for which benefits exceed costs. [2] Deadweight loss occurs with a tax because a higher price for consumers, and a lower ...

  7. Price discrimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_discrimination

    Some prices under price discrimination may be lower than the price charged by a single-price monopolist. Price discrimination can be utilized by a monopolist to recapture some deadweight loss. [10] [11] This pricing strategy enables sellers to capture additional consumer surplus and maximize their profits while offering some consumers lower prices.

  8. Tax efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_efficiency

    This loss occurs because taxes create disincentives for production. The gap between taxed and the tax-free production is the deadweight loss. [4] Deadweight loss reduces both the consumer and producer surplus. [5] The magnitude of deadweight loss depends on the elasticities of supply and demand for the taxed good or service.

  9. Microeconomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microeconomics

    The utility maximization problem is a constrained ... The graph depicts a right-shift in ... and creates deadweight loss. A classic example of ...