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  2. Pupillary distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_distance

    Distance PD is the separation between the visual axes of the eyes in their primary position, as the subject fixates on an infinitely distant object. [2] Near PD is the separation between the visual axes of the eyes, at the plane of the spectacle lenses, as the subject fixates on a near object at the intended working distance. [3]

  3. Accommodation reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_reflex

    Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.

  4. Intraocular muscles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraocular_muscles

    The pupillary dilator muscle increases the pupillary diameter and it is arranged radially, but the pupillary sphincter muscle is responsible for the constriction of the pupil's diameter and it encircles the pupil. [2] The pupillary dilation is also called mydriasis, and the constriction of the pupil is also called miosis. [1]

  5. Pupillary reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_reflex

    Although the pupillary response, in which the pupil dilates or constricts due to light is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic. Adjustment to close-range vision is known as "the near response", while relaxation of the ciliary muscle to view distant objects is known as the "far response".

  6. List of optometric abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optometric...

    Pupillary distance PERRLA Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation PH Pinhole see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHNI Pinhole No Improvement see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHVA Pinhole Visual Acuity: PL Perception of light POH / PrOH Previous ocular history PPA Peri-papillary ...

  7. Accommodation (vertebrate eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_(vertebrate_eye)

    Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. In this, distances vary for individuals from the far point—the maximum distance from the eye for which a clear image of an object can be seen, to the near point—the minimum distance for a ...

  8. Eyeglass prescription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeglass_prescription

    It is the distance between pupil centers. BVD Back vertex distance is the distance between the back of the spectacle lens and the front of the cornea (the front surface of the eye). This is significant in higher prescriptions (usually beyond ±4.00D) as slight changes in the vertex distance for in this range can cause a power to be delivered to ...

  9. Pupil function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil_function

    The pupil function or aperture function describes how a light wave is affected upon transmission through an optical imaging system such as a camera, microscope, or the human eye. More specifically, it is a complex function of the position in the pupil [ 1 ] or aperture (often an iris ) that indicates the relative change in amplitude and phase ...

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