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The original can be viewed here: Gold leaf electroscope diagram.jpg: . Modifications made by Krzysztof Zajączkowski (malyszkz).
An electroscope can only give a rough indication of the quantity of charge; an instrument that measures electric charge quantitatively is called an electrometer. The electroscope was the first electrical measuring instrument. The first electroscope was a pivoted needle (called the versorium), invented by British physician William Gilbert around ...
English: Diagram showing how a pith-ball electroscope works. The molecules (yellow ovals) that make up the pith ball (A) consist of positive charges (atomic nuclei) and negative charges (electrons) close together. Bringing a charged object (B) near the pith ball causes these charges to separate slightly.
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Gold-leaf electroscope, showing induction (labelled polarity of charges), before the terminal is grounded. Using an electroscope to show electrostatic induction. The device has leaves/needle that become charged when introducing a charged rod to it. The leaves bend the leave/needle, and the stronger the static introduced, the more bending occurs.
Reproduction of an early electron microscope constructed by Ernst Ruska in the 1930s. Many developments laid the groundwork of the electron optics used in microscopes. [2] One significant step was the work of Hertz in 1883 [3] who made a cathode-ray tube with electrostatic and magnetic deflection, demonstrating manipulation of the direction of an electron beam.
Gilbert used the versorium to test whether different materials were "elektrics" (insulators, in modern terms) or non-"elektrics" ().While he didn't devise a theory to explain his findings, it was a good example of how science was starting to change by incorporating empirical studies at the dawn of the Age of Reason. [4]
The gold-leaf electroscope was one of the instruments used to indicate electric charge. [1] It is still used for science demonstrations but has been superseded in most applications by electronic measuring instruments. The instrument consists of two thin leaves of gold foil suspended from an electrode.