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The long version was first published as "What Is Enlightenment" in English in The Foucault Reader. [2] It was first published in French in 1993 in Magazine littéraire under the title "Kant et la modernité " [1] and in 1994 in the fourth volume of Michel Foucault: Dits et Ecrits 1954–1988, edited by Daniel Defert and François Ewald.
Daniel Defert was born on 10 September 1937. He graduated from the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud.He earned the agrégation in philosophy. [1] Defert met Foucault while he was a philosophy student at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France and their relationship lasted from 1963 until Foucault's death in 1984.
Michel is not related to the physicist Léon Foucault. In later life, Foucault revealed very little about his childhood. [18] Describing himself as a "juvenile delinquent", he said his father was a "bully" who sternly punished him. [19] In 1930, two years early, Foucault began his schooling at the local Lycée Henry-IV.
Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling: The Function of Avowal in Justice is a printed text version of the series of lectures delivered at the Catholic University of Louvain by Michel Foucault from early April to late May 1981.
L'Ordre du discours (The Order of Discourse) is Michel Foucault's inaugural lecture at the Collège de France, delivered on December 2, 1970. Foucault presents the hypothesis that in any society the production of discourse is controlled, in order to eliminate powers and dangers and contain random events in this production. [9]
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Biopower (or biopouvoir in French), coined by French social theorist Michel Foucault, [1] refers to various means by which modern nation states control their populations.In Foucault's work, it has been used to refer to practices of public health, regulation of heredity, and risk regulation, among many other regulatory mechanisms often linked less directly with literal physical health.
Foucault sees power as the means for constituting individuals’ identities and determining the limits of their autonomy. This reflects the symbiotic relationship between power (pouvoir) and knowledge (savoir). In his study of prisons and hospitals, he observed how the modern individual becomes both an object and subject of knowledge.