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  2. Word gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_gap

    The word gap has largely been defined to mean the idea of the observed gap between the spoken and read language in the specific context of American education reform in the context of Hart and Risley; however, other proposed ideas or active research have used it to describe differences in access to language varieties experienced in public ...

  3. Betty Hart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Hart

    [6] [7] Some subsequent scholars have thrown doubt on Hart and Risley's findings, arguing that Hart and Risley's study was methodologically unsound and that the language disparity reported by Hart and Risley does not in fact exist and cannot be considered causal for the disparity of education outcomes. [8] [9] [10]

  4. LENA Foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LENA_Foundation

    In 1998, Terry Paul, founder of Renaissance Learning Inc., read Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Lives of Young American Children by Betty Hart and Todd Risley. This longitudinal study highlighted the correlation between the number of words spoken to children from birth to age three and their language ability and IQ at age three. Inspired ...

  5. Dana L. Suskind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_L._Suskind

    Recent research has failed to replicated Hart and Risley's findings. [13] In 2019, Suskind wrote that she acknowledged the shortcomings of the Hart and Risley study and that there was a need to move beyond the idea of a 30-million-word gap. She explained that the name of her research center at the University of Chicago was changed from ...

  6. Experimental analysis of behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_analysis_of...

    The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization.

  7. Between-group design experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Between-group_design_experiment

    In the design of experiments, a between-group design is an experiment that has two or more groups of subjects each being tested by a different testing factor simultaneously. This design is usually used in place of, or in some cases in conjunction with, the within-subject design , which applies the same variations of conditions to each subject ...

  8. Experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment

    In contrast to norms in the physical sciences, the focus is typically on the average treatment effect (the difference in outcomes between the treatment and control groups) or another test statistic produced by the experiment. [6] A single study typically does not involve replications of the experiment, but separate studies may be aggregated ...

  9. Design of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments

    The use of a sequence of experiments, where the design of each may depend on the results of previous experiments, including the possible decision to stop experimenting, is within the scope of sequential analysis, a field that was pioneered [13] by Abraham Wald in the context of sequential tests of statistical hypotheses. [14]