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This definition clearly distinguishes social control from mere "reactions to deviance" and from deviant behavior itself. Gibbs argues that "Homicide can be described either as control or as resulting from control failure" (1989: 35), and proposes that the homicide rate is a function not just of the sheer volume of disputes, but also of the ...
Deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an "offender". The deviant is one to whom the label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label.
Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. [1] These acts would be considered crimes if the individuals committing them were older. [ 2 ]
According to the control theory, weaker containing social systems result in more deviant behavior. Control theory stresses how weak bonds between the individuals and society free people to deviate or go against the norms, or the people who have weak ties would engage in crimes so they could benefit, or gain something that is to their own interest.
Frank Tannenbaum theorized that primary deviant behaviors may be innocent or fun for those committing the acts, but can become a nuisance and viewed as some form of delinquency to their parents, educators and even those in law enforcement. Tannenbaum distinguished two different types of deviancy.
In many studies, the individuals displaying antisocial behavior developed in a family exhibiting "deviant behavior", in an "adverse home environment", or in something similar. [5] However most studies do not specify the exact traits that characterize the tested 'deviant' or 'adverse' environment.
3. The principle part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups. 4. When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (a) techniques of committing the crime, which are sometimes very complicated, sometimes simple; (b) the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. 5.
Robert King Merton was an American sociologist who argued that the social structure of a society can encourage deviance to a large degree. Merton's theory borrows from Èmile Durkheim's theory of anomie, which argues that industrialization would fundamentally alter the function of society; ultimately, causing a breakdown of social ties, social norms, and the social order.