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Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated NMC, Li-NMC, LNMC, or NCM) are mixed metal oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt with the general formula LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2. These materials are commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles , acting as the positively charged cathode .
The usable charge storage capacity of NCA is about 180 to 200 mAh/g. [1] This is well below the theoretical values; for LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 this is 279 mAh/g. [2] However, the capacity of NCA is significantly higher than that of alternative materials such as lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO 2 with 148 mAh/g, lithium iron phosphate LiFePO 4 with 165 mAh/g and NMC 333 LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0. ...
NorthVolt Zwei (two), JV battery production in Salzgitter, Germany, for the electric vehicles of the Volkswagen Group. Start of production planned for end of 2023/early 2024. Octillion Power Systems [26] [27] [28] 2009 Lithium-ion: Wuling; FNM; Lithium-ion battery supplier for the electric-vehicle battery market.
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion. As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here. [64]
The Super Soaker, the Nerf dart guns, my invention on the Galileo spacecraft, the lithium battery technology that I'm developing right now, the solid state batteries as well as the lithium fuel cells.
Twelve-volt LiFePO 4 batteries are also gaining popularity as a second (house) battery for a caravan, motor-home or boat. [50] Tesla Motors uses LFP batteries in all standard-range Models 3 and Y made after October 2021 [51] except for standard-range vehicles made with 4680 cells starting in 2022, which use an NMC chemistry. [52]
In October 2011, AES Corporation unveiled a 32 MW energy storage systems featuring A123's battery technology at the Laurel Mountain Wind Farm in West Virginia to be used for renewable integration and frequency regulation. As of its commissioning date it was the largest lithium-ion battery energy storage system of its kind then in operation. [56]
The elimination of power batteries made by lithium-ion batteries has largely increased, causing environmental protection threats and waste of resources. About 100-120 GWh of electric vehicle batteries will be retired by 2030. [118] Hence, recycling and reuse of such retired power batteries have been suggested.