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Ruthenian (ру́скаꙗ мо́ва or ру́скїй ѧзы́къ; [1] [2] [failed verification] see also other names) is an exonymic linguonym for a closely related group of East Slavic linguistic varieties, particularly those spoken from the 15th to 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in East Slavic regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In terms of the most important, dialect groups are usually divided based on the presence of masuration (present in Masovian and Lesser Polish dialects) and voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids in the next word or sometimes the personal verb clitics -m, -ś, -śmy, -ście as in byliśmy (e.g. jak jestem may be realized as ...
The Białystok dialect (Polish: gwara białostocka) is a Polish language dialect characteristic of the inhabitants of Białystok and parts of Podlasie.It is closely related to the Vilnius dialect and has emerged as a result of the mutual influence of several language patterns: Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, and to a lesser extent Russian, Ukrainian, and Yiddish.
The East Slavic dialects of Podlachia between the Narew and Bug rivers are perceived differently by their native speakers. [2] According to an estimate made by Jan Maksymiuk, the author of a Podlachian language standardization project, on the basis of the 2002 census in Poland, some 32,000 people in Podlachia, who declared Belarusian ethnicity, identified these dialects as Belarusian ones.
The modern East Slavic languages descend from a common predecessor spoken in Kievan Rus' from the 9th to 13th centuries, which later evolved into Ruthenian, the chancery language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Dnieper river valley, and into medieval Russian in the Volga river valley, the language of the Russian principalities including ...
Some examples of words shared among most or all Balto-Slavic languages: *léiˀpāˀ 'tilia' (linden tree): Lithuanian líepa, Old Prussian līpa, Latvian liẽpa, Latgalian līpa, Common Slavic *lipa (Old Church Slavonic липа, Russian ли́па, Polish lipa, Czech lípa)
Lake Peipus dialect (Russian: Причудский говор) is a Russian language variety spoken on both sides of Lake Peipus in Pskov Oblast, Russia and some counties of Estonia where Russian is a frequently-spoken or dominant language. It originated as a mix of Pskov and Gdov dialects of the Central Russian cluster.
Russian мышь [mɨʂ] ⓘ and Polish mysz [mɨʂ] ⓘ "mouse" Common Slavic also had two nasal vowels: *ę and *ǫ . However, these are preserved only in modern Polish (along with a few lesser-known dialects and microlanguages; see Yus for more details). Polish wąż /vɔ̃ʐ/ ⓘ and węże /vɛ̃ʐɛ/ ⓘ "snake, snakes"