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Pierre Robin sequence [a] (/ p j ɛər r ɔː ˈ b æ̃ /; [3] abbreviated PRS) is a congenital defect observed in humans which is characterized by facial abnormalities.The three main features are micrognathia (abnormally small mandible), which causes glossoptosis (downwardly displaced or retracted tongue), which in turn causes breathing problems due to obstruction of the upper airway.
A common method to treat Velopharyngeal insufficiency is pharyngeal flap surgery, where tissue from the back of the mouth is used to close part of the gap. Other ways of treating velopharyngeal insufficiency is by placing a posterior nasopharyngeal wall implant (commonly cartilage or collagen) or type of soft palate lengthening procedure (i.e ...
Neck-tongue syndrome (NTS), which was first recorded in 1980, [1] is a rare disorder characterized by neck pain with or without tingling and numbness of the tongue on the same side as the neck pain. [2] Sharp lateral movement of the head triggers the pain, usually lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes. Headaches may occur with the onset ...
Multiview videofluoroscopy is a radiographic technique to view the length and movement of the velum (soft palate) and the posterior and lateral pharyngeal (throat) walls during speech. The advantage of this technique is that the entire posterior pharyngeal wall can be visualized. Disadvantages include the following: 1.
The symptoms usually appear when there is inflammation of pharyngeal bursa causing Tornwaldt cyst. This is caused by spontaneous drainage in the nasopharyngeal cavity or because of involvement of nervous plexus. The symptoms are occipital headache, cough, middle ear effusion, cervical myalgia, and halitosis, i.e. bad breath.
Common symptoms include drooling, an inability to elevate and depress the mandible, difficulty chewing, inability of protruding tongue, swallowing, and loss of speech. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Classification of the disorder is distinguished by the location of the lesions formed, which causes certain symptoms to be present or amplified.
Plummer–Vinson syndrome (also known as Paterson–Kelly syndrome [1] or Paterson–Brown-Kelly syndrome in the UK [2]) is a rare disease characterized by dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), cheilosis (cracking at the corners of the mouth), and esophageal webs (thin membranes in the esophagus that can cause obstruction). [1]
Bartsocas-Papas syndrome is a form of popliteal pterygium syndrome and is a very rare disease characterized by congenital craniofacial anomalies, popliteal webbing, and genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies. It was first described by Dr. Christos Bartsocas and is more specifically an autosomal recessive popliteal pterygium syndrome. [8]