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During the Cold War, the Soviet Union used propaganda and disinformation as "active measures...against the populations of Western nations".[11]: 51 During the administration of Boris Yeltsin, the first President of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, "disinformation" was discussed in the Russian media and by Russian politicians in relation to the disinformation of the Soviet era ...
The following is a list of websites, separated by owner or disinformation campaign, that have both been considered by journalists and researchers as distributing false news - or otherwise participating in disinformation - and have been designated by journalists and researchers as likely being linked to political actors based in Russia.
The Grayzone has been accused of downplaying and defending the persecution of Uyghurs in China, of publishing conspiracy theories about Xinjiang, Syria and other regions, and of publishing pro-Russian propaganda and disinformation, especially during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [19] [20] [21] kitklarenberg.com kitklarenberg.com Alive
This is a list of miscellaneous fake news websites that don't fit into any of the other fake news website lists such as these lists of: fake news website campaigns by individuals, corporate disinformation website campaigns, fraudulent fact-checking websites, fake news websites based on generative AI, hate group-sponsored fake news websites,
Panfilov's Twenty-Eight Guardsmen – WW2 example of Soviet disinformation; Russian web brigades – Russian state-sponsored Internet commentators; Social media in the Russo-Ukrainian War – The avenue by which much disinformation has spread; Vulkan files leak – Leaks implicating the Russian company NTC Vulkan in acts of cybercrime
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact". [23]
Targalski observed there existed about 20 specific fake news websites in Poland which spread Russian disinformation in the form of fake news. [176] One example cited was the false claim that Ukraine had claimed that the Polish city of Przemyśl was occupied by Poland. [176]
The Russian fake news laws are a group [1] [2] of federal laws prohibiting the dissemination of information considered "unreliable" by Russian authorities, establishing the punishment for such dissemination, and allowing the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) to extrajudicially block access to online media publishing such ...