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Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology (French: L'Être et le néant : Essai d'ontologie phénoménologique), sometimes published with the subtitle A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology, is a 1943 book by the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.
With Kierkegaard, the concept of absurdism was developed, which explains the concept of humans trying to find meaning in a meaningless world. The atheistic existentialist movement spread in 1940s France. Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness and Albert Camus' The Myth of Sisyphus discussed the topic. [1]
Sartre, in his seminal work Being and Nothingness (1943), describes human existence as being "condemned to be free", where the Void represents the nothingness at the core of existence that individuals must confront when they realize that life has no preordained purpose. [20]
With regard to Nietzsche's development of thought, it has been noted in research that although he dealt with "nihilistic" themes from 1869 onwards ("pessimism, with nirvana and with nothingness and non-being" [70]), a conceptual use of nihilism occurred for the first time in handwritten notes in the middle of 1880 (KSA 9.127-128). This was the ...
The most prominent figure among the existentialists is Jean-Paul Sartre, whose ideas in his book Being and Nothingness (L'être et le néant) are heavily influenced by Being and Time (Sein und Zeit) of Martin Heidegger, although Heidegger later stated that he was misunderstood by Sartre. [19] Sartre defines two kinds of "being" (être).
It was first expressed in his 1943 work Being and Nothingness, where he wrote that: [T]here is freedom only in a situation, and there is a situation only through freedom [...] There can be a free for-itself only as engaged in a resisting world. Outside of this engagement the notions of freedom, of determination, of necessity lose all meaning. [2]
Can an all-powerful being create a rock so heavy it cannot lift it? How can you ever reach a destination if you have to get halfway there first, then halfway again, and so on forever?
In Being and Nothingness, Sartre uses transcendence to describe the relation of the self to the object-oriented world, as well as our concrete relations with others. For Sartre, the for-itself is sometimes called a transcendence.