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West African populations were considerably mobile and interacted with one another throughout the population history of West Africa. [1] Acheulean tool-using archaic humans may have dwelled throughout West Africa since at least between 780,000 BP and 126,000 BP (Middle Pleistocene). [2]
The years between 1100 and 1600 were known as the "golden age" of trade, when West African gold was in high demand. [1] This led to an increase in the need and use for trade routes. [ 1 ] From 1300 the Trans-Saharan trade routes were used for trade, travel, and scholarship.
There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries".
Britain's West Africa squadron was tenacious in concluding anti-slavery treaties with coastal chiefdoms along the West African coast from Sierra Leone through the Niger Delta to the south of the Congo. [97] However, the Nigerian coast proved difficult to control with its countless bays, meandering channels and rampant tropical diseases. [96]
African historiography is a branch of historiography concerning the African continent, its peoples, nations and variety of written and non-written histories.It has differentiated itself from other continental areas of historiography due to its multidisciplinary nature, as Africa's unique and varied methods of recording history have resulted in a lack of an established set of historical works ...
West Africa may have been a major regional cradle in Africa for the domestication of crops and animals. [27] Between 5889 BP and 3685 BP, West Africans domesticated pearl millet. [27] Between 5500 BP and 1300 BP, West Africans domesticated the Helmeted guineafowl. [27] Between 3200 BP and 2000 BP, West Africans domesticated African rice. [27]
Many countries followed in the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in 1960 with the Year of Africa, which saw 17 African nations declare independence, including a large part of French West Africa. Most of the remaining countries gained independence throughout the 1960s, although some colonizers (Portugal in particular) were reluctant to relinquish ...
The terms African civilizations, also classical African civilizations, or African empires are terms that generally refer to the various pre-colonial African kingdoms.The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage, Axum, [1] Numidia, and Nubia, [1] but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of Punt and others: Kingdom of Dagbon, the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali ...