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From 1257 to 1377, the pope, though the bishop of Rome, resided in Viterbo, Orvieto, and Perugia, and lastly Avignon. The return of the popes to Rome after the Avignon Papacy was followed by the Western Schism: the division of the Western Church between two and, for a time, three competing papal claimants.
Rome, Papal States Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. 105 24 April 858 – 13 November 867 (9 years, 203 days) St Nicholas I "the Great" NICOLAVS MAGNVS: Nicolaus c. 800 Rome, Papal States 58 / 67 Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Encouraged missionary activity. 106 14 December 867 – 14 December 872 (5 ...
Pope Paul III established a reform commission, appointed several leading reformers to the College of Cardinals, initiated reform of the central administrative apparatus at Rome, authorized the founding of the Jesuits, the order that was later to prove so loyal to the papacy, and convoked the Council of Trent, which met intermittently from 1545 ...
Pope Leo X, the quintessential Renaissance pope. The Renaissance Papacy was a period of papal history between the Western Schism and the Reformation.From the election of Pope Martin V of the Council of Constance in 1417 to the Reformation in the 16th century, Western Christianity was largely free from schism as well as significant disputed papal claimants.
In 1853, Pius IX put an end to the centuries-old duality between the Papal nobility and the Roman baronial families by equating the civic patriciate of the city of Rome with the nobility created by the Pope. From 1814 until the death of Pope Gregory XVI in 1846, the popes followed a reactionary policy in the Papal States.
1377 - The Papacy returns to Rome with Pope Gregory XI. 1409 - 1415 - For a short while, the Papacy moves over to Pisa. 1417 - The Great Schism of the 14th century is ended by Pope Martin V; 1444 - Bramante is born. 1452 - Old St. Peter's Basilica is demolished and a new one is begun. 1475 - Michelangelo Buonarroti is born. 1483 - Raphael is born.
1742 print of the corpse of John XII, one of the most infamous popes, being carried by a crowd. Saeculum obscurum (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈsɛː.ku.lu.m obsˈkuː.rum], "the dark age/century"), also known as the Pornocracy or the Rule of the Harlots, was a period in the history of the papacy during the first two thirds of the 10th century, following the chaos after the death of Pope Formosus ...
Pope Clement VII did not sanction the judgement and excommunicated Henry. [322] Ignoring the papal ban, Henry married Anne, and she gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth (d. 1603). [323] Anne was a staunch supporter of the Reformation, and mainly her nominees were appointed to the vacant bishoprics between 1532 and 1536. [316]