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Depending on the grade of the sarcoma, it is treated with surgery, [8] chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. Though surgery is the current standard of care for hemangiopericytomas, metastasis and tumor recurrence occur in more than 30% of patients, in particular recurrence in the pelvis and retroperitoneum [ 3 ] and metastasis in bone and lungs. [ 9 ]
G (1–4): the grade of the cancer cells (i.e. they are "low grade" if they appear similar to normal cells, and "high grade" if they appear poorly differentiated) S (0–3): elevation of serum tumor markers; R (0–2): the completeness of the operation (resection-boundaries free of cancer cells or not) Pn (0–1): invasion into adjunct nerves
The concept of grading of the tumors of the central nervous system, agreeing for such the regulation of the "progressiveness" of these neoplasias (from benign and localized tumors to malignant and infiltrating tumors), dates back to 1926 and was introduced by P. Bailey and H. Cushing, [1] in the elaboration of what turned out the first systematic classification of gliomas.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (also known as: [1] "Epithelioid hemangioma," "Histiocytoid hemangioma," "Inflammatory angiomatous nodule," "Intravenous atypical vascular proliferation," "Papular angioplasia," "Inflammatory arteriovenous hemangioma," and "Pseudopyogenic granuloma") usually presents with pink to red-brown, dome-shaped, dermal papules or nodules of the head or neck ...
9.1.2 Miscellaneous rare lymphomas in the CNS 9.1.2.1 MALT lymphoma of the dura 9.1.2.2 Other low-grade B-cell lymphomas of the CNS 9.1.2.3 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+/ALK−) 9.1.2.4 T-cell lymphomas and NK/T-cell lymphomas 9.2 Histiocytic tumors 9.2.1 Erdheim–Chester disease 9.2.2 Rosai–Dorfman disease 9.2.3 Juvenile xanthogranuloma
Although usually straightforward to carry out, recurrence of the tumor or more tumors at a different site develop in approximately 20% of patients. [1] Gamma Knife Radiosurgery as well as LINAC have also been employed to successfully treat recurrence and control tumor growth of cerebellar hemangioblastomas.
The word "benign" means "favourable, kind, fortunate, salutary, propitious". [1] However, a benign tumour is not benign in the usual sense; the name merely specifies that it is not "malignant", i.e. cancerous. While benign tumours usually do not pose a serious health risk, they can be harmful or fatal. [2]
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a cavernous hemangioma that arises in the central nervous system.It can be considered to be a variant of hemangioma, and is characterized by grossly large dilated blood vessels and large vascular channels, less well circumscribed, and more involved with deep structures, with a single layer of endothelium and an absence of neuronal tissue within the lesions.