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Acetone, butanol, and ethanol are the most common products of solventogenesis. Some species such as Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium puniceum and Clostridium roseum are able to further reduce acetone to isopropanol. Several species are able to produce additional solvents under various culture conditions.
Clostridium beijerinckii; Clostridium tetanomorphum; Clostridium aurantibutyricum; These bacteria begin with butyrate fermentation, as described above, but, when the pH drops below 5, they switch into butanol and acetone production to prevent further lowering of the pH. Two molecules of butanol are formed for each molecule of acetone.
The ABE fermentation via Clostridium beijerinckii or Clostridium acetobutylicum for instance is characterized by product inhibition. This means that there is a product concentration threshold that cannot be overcome, resulting in a product stream highly diluted in water. [11] Phase equilibrium diagram for 1-butanol–ethanol–water ternary mixture
Clostridium perfringens (gangrene, food poisoning) Clostridioides difficile (pseudomembranous colitis) Clostridium tetani ; Clostridium botulinum ; Clostridium acetobutylicum (acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation, or ABE process) Clostridium haemolyticum; Clostridium novyi (gas gangrene, infectious necrotic hepatitis)
Clostridium acetobutylicum, ATCC 824, is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the "Weizmann Organism", after Jewish Russian-born biochemist Chaim Weizmann. A senior lecturer at the University of Manchester , England , he used them in 1916 as a bio-chemical tool to produce at the same time, jointly, acetone , ethanol , and n ...
Clostridium saccharobutylicum is an indole and notably acetone, butanol and ethanol-producing bacterium, with type strain DSM 13864 T (= ATCC BAA-117 T). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Its genome has been sequenced. [ 3 ]
The terms aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation (substrate-level phosphorylation) do not refer to primary nutritional groups, but simply reflect the different use of possible electron acceptors in particular organisms, such as O 2 in aerobic respiration, or nitrate (NO − 3), sulfate (SO 2−
Clostridium beijerinckii is a gram positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Clostridium. It has been isolated from feces and soil. It has been isolated from feces and soil. Produces oval to subterminal spores.