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  2. Human vestigiality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_vestigiality

    Human vestigiality. The muscles connected to the ears of a human do not develop enough to have the same mobility allowed to monkeys. Arrows show the vestigial structure called Darwin's tubercle. In the context of human evolution, vestigiality involves those traits occurring in humans that have lost all or most of their original function through ...

  3. Vestigiality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestigiality

    Vestigiality. In humans, the vermiform appendix is sometimes called a vestigial structure as it has lost much of its ancestral digestive function. Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species. [1]

  4. Vestigial response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestigial_response

    This phenomenon is an automatic-response mechanism that activates even before a human becomes consciously aware that a startling, unexpected or unknown sound has been "heard". [2] That this vestigial response occurs even before becoming consciously aware of a startling noise would explain why the function of ear-perking had evolved in animals.

  5. Atavism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atavism

    Atavism. Reappearance of a genetic trait once thought extinct. Early embryos of various species display some ancestral features, like the tail on this human embryo. These features normally disappear in later development, but it may not happen if the animal has an atavism. [1][2] In biology, an atavism is a modification of a biological structure ...

  6. Psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

    v. t. e. Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural ...

  7. Praxeology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxeology

    Praxeology. In philosophy, praxeology or praxiology (/ ˌpræksiˈɒlədʒi /; from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (praxis) 'deed, action' and -λογία (-logia) 'study of') is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, contrary to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior.

  8. Timeline of human evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution

    The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period. It includes brief explanations of the various taxonomic ranks in ...

  9. Physiological psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiological_psychology

    Physiological psychology. Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. [1][page needed] This field of psychology takes an empirical and ...