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The pharynx is a muscular food pump in the head of C. elegans, which is triangular in cross-section. This grinds food and transports it directly to the intestine. This grinds food and transports it directly to the intestine.
APH-1 (anterior pharynx-defective 1) is a protein originally identified in the round worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a regulator of the cell-surface localization of nicastrin in the Notch signaling pathway. [1]
In its natural environment C. elegans is confronted with a variety of different potential pathogens. C. elegans has been used intensively as a model organism for studying host-pathogen interactions and the immune system. [5] [31] These studies revealed that C. elegans has well-functioning innate immune defenses.
Mutational studies involving LAT-1 knockout and LAT-2 gene deletion mutants have revealed that the role of latrophilin receptors in the different tissues that they are expressed differs between subtypes, with LAT-1 being expressed in the pharynx of C.elegans (thereby modulating pharyngeal pumping) and LAT-2 having a role in locomotion. [6]
DAF-16 is a gene conserved across species, with homologs being found in C. elegans, humans, mice, and Drosophila (fruit flies). [7] In C. elegans, DAF-16 is located on Chromosome 1, at position 175-268. [8] It is made up of 15 exons. [9] DAF-16 is also located downstream of DAF-2, which signals in the IIS pathway.
The pharynx (pl.: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs respectively). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. The pharynx carries food to the esophagus and air to the larynx.
In the two cell stage, the embryo of the nematode C. elegans exhibits mosaic behavior.There are two cells, the P1 cell and the AB cell. The P1 cell was able make all of its fated cells while the AB cell could only make a portion of the cells it was fated to produce.
Internal anatomy of a male C. elegans nematode Cross-section of female Ascaris. The large circles filled with small green circles are the uterus and eggs. The long narrow feature is the digestive tract. The smaller red and orange circles are the ovaries and oviducts.