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Some prokaryotes are pathogenic, causing disease and even death in plants and animals. [5] Marine prokaryotes are responsible for significant levels of the photosynthesis that occurs in the ocean, as well as significant cycling of carbon and other nutrients. [6] Prokaryotes live throughout the biosphere.
In particular, the role of the swirls and filaments (mesoscale features) appear important in maintaining high biodiversity in the ocean. [5] [9] Phytoplankton obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the well-lit surface layer (termed the euphotic zone) of an ocean, sea, lake, or other body of water.
"The findings break from the traditional interpretation of marine ecology found in textbooks, which states that nearly all sunlight in the ocean is captured by chlorophyll in algae. Instead, rhodopsin-equipped bacteria function like hybrid cars, powered by organic matter when available—as most bacteria are—and by sunlight when nutrients are ...
Marine life, sea life or ocean life is the collective ecological communities that encompass all aquatic animals, plants, algae, fungi, protists, single-celled microorganisms and associated viruses living in the saline water of marine habitats, either the sea water of marginal seas and oceans, or the brackish water of coastal wetlands, lagoons ...
The ocean represents the largest continuous planetary ecosystem, hosting an enormous variety of organisms, which include microscopic biota such as unicellular eukaryotes (protists). Despite their small size, protists play key roles in marine biogeochemical cycles and harbour tremendous evolutionary diversity.
Dinoflagellate evolution has been summarized into five principal organizational types: prorocentroid, dinophysoid, gonyaulacoid, peridinioid, and gymnodinoid. [149] The transitions of marine species into fresh water have been frequent events during the diversification of dinoflagellates and have occurred recently. [150]
Because phytobenthos are autotrophs, they need to be able to subsist where it is still possible to perform photosynthesis. [1] Similar to phytoplankton, phytobenthos contribute to the aquatic food web for grazers and heterotrophic bacteria, and researchers have also been studying their health as an indicator for water quality and environmental ...
Phytoplanktons' density (1.02 g/cm 3) is higher than that of sea water (1.00 g/cm 3).Therefore, they sink in the ocean, unless there is an upward movement of water. However, nanophytoplankton, with as small as a 1 μm radius, can swim in the ocean, but at a very slow rate, like "a human swimming in m