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Many portions of the stupa at Bharhut bear inscriptions with the names of Buddhist donors. Dhanabhuti is known from two, or possibly three, of these dedications, and he crucially dedicated the largest and most prestigious portion of the monument, the Eastern Gateway, now displayed in the Indian Museum, in Calcutta. [3]
The Bharhut stupa, depicted on one of the friezes. Freer Gallery of Art. The Bharhut stupa may have been first built by the Maurya king Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, but many works of art, particularly the gateway and railings, were apparently added during the Shunga period, with many reliefs from the 2nd century BCE, or later. [10]
Further, the Bharhut relief was dedicated by an individual from Vidisha, the town where the Heliodorus pillar is located, as explained in the attached dedicatory inscription, which suggests that the Garuda capital in the Bharhut relief may just be an imitation of the one on the Heliodorus pillar. [47]
Many of its rulers bear the suffix "-mitra" in their names. [2] However, it is disputed how many kings the dynasty was composed of. Dhanabhuti , who is known for Bharhut inscriptions , may have been related to the Mitra dynasty.
The Bharhut Yavana is a high relief of a warrior which was discovered among the reliefs of the railings around the Bharhut Stupa. It is dated to circa 100 BCE, with a range from 150 BCE to 80 BCE. [1] The relief is currently in the Indian Museum in Kolkata. [2] The man in the relief has been described as a Greek, called "Yavanas" among the Indians.
The inscriptions revolve around a few recurring themes: Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism, the description of his efforts to spread Buddhism, his moral and religious precepts, and his social and animal welfare program. The edicts were based on Ashoka's ideas on administration and behaviour of people towards one another and religion.
The gist of the inscription, pertains to the erection and dedication of stone pillar by an unnamed Upasaka and his disciples in memory of the Buddha, the enlightened one. The inscription speaks about an Acharya , named Dharamdev, and his three disciples – Uttarmitra, Bhadra and Upasaka , who used to reside in the monastery.
Detail of a pillar at Deogarh (Lalitpur district, Nepal ) showing Brāhmī and shell inscriptions. Shankhalipi (IAST: Śaṅkhalipi) or "conch-script" is a term used by scholars to describe presently undeciphered [1] ornate spiral characters assumed to be Brahmi derivative that resemble conch shells (or shankhas) which can tentatively be assigned a new script family.