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When the War Came Home: The Ottomans' Great War and the Devastation of an Empire. Stanford University Press. Aksakal, Mustafa (2010). The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-17525-8. Aksakal, Mustafa. "‘Holy War Made in Germany’? Ottoman Origins of the 1914 Jihad."
Following the attack, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 2 November, [14] followed by their allies (Britain and France) declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914. [15] The Ottoman Empire started military action after three months of formal neutrality, but it had signed a secret alliance with the Central Powers in August 1914.
When the War Came Home: The Ottomans' Great War and the Devastation of an Empire (2018) Aksakal, Mustafa. The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War (2010). Brandenburg, Erich. (1927) From Bismarck to the World War: A History of German Foreign Policy 1870–1914 (1927) online. Clark, Christopher.
The Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of the Central Powers under the leadership of the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed V. In an attempt to weaken the Ottomans, the Allies provoked an Arab Revolt within the empire led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali of Mecca. Sharif Hussein, supported by British and French agents, occupied Mecca and later besieged Medina.
European diplomatic alignments shortly before the war. The Ottomans joined the Central Powers shortly after the war started, with Bulgaria joining the following year. Italy remained neutral in 1914 and joined the Allies in 1915. Map of the world with the participants in World War I c. 1917. Allied Powers in blue, Central Powers in orange, and ...
Gallipoli campaign; Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of the First World War: A collection of photographs from the campaign. From top and left to right: Ottoman commanders including Mustafa Kemal (fourth from left); Entente warships; V Beach from the deck of SS River Clyde; Ottoman soldiers in a trench; and Entente positions
During World War I, conflict on the Asian continent and the islands of the Pacific included naval battles, the Allied conquest of German colonial possessions in the Pacific Ocean and China, the anti-Russian Central Asian revolt of 1916 in Russian Turkestan and the Ottoman-supported Kelantan rebellion in British Malaya.
The Caucasus campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, later including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, the German Empire, the Central Caspian Dictatorship, and the British Empire, as part of the Middle Eastern theatre during World War I.