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The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth (horizontal angle with respect to north) of the Sun's position. [1][2][3] This horizontal coordinate defines the Sun 's relative direction along the local horizon, whereas the solar zenith angle (or its complementary angle solar elevation) defines the Sun's apparent altitude.
This is the coordinate system normally used to calculate the position of the Sun in terms of solar zenith angle and solar azimuth angle, and the two parameters can be used to depict the Sun path. [3] This calculation is useful in astronomy, navigation, surveying, meteorology, climatology, solar energy, and sundial design.
A 2021 publication [8] about solar geometry first calculates the x-, y-, and z-component of the solar vector, which is a unit vector with its tail fixed at the observer's location and its head kept pointing toward the Sun, and then uses the components to calculate the solar zenith angle and solar azimuth angle. The calculated solar vector at 1 ...
The azimuth is the angle formed between a reference direction (in this example north) and a line from the observer to a point of interest projected on the same plane as the reference direction orthogonal to the zenith. An azimuth (/ ˈæzəməθ / ⓘ; from Arabic: اَلسُّمُوت, romanized: as-sumūt, lit. 'the directions') [1] is the ...
Angles greater than 360° (2 π) or less than 0° may need to be reduced to the range 0°−360° (0–2 π) depending upon the particular calculating machine or program. The cosine of a latitude (declination, ecliptic and Galactic latitude, and altitude) are never negative by definition, since the latitude varies between −90° and +90°.
The solar zenith angle is the zenith angle of the sun, i.e., the angle between the sun’s rays and the vertical direction. It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the sun’s rays and a horizontal plane. [1][2] At solar noon, the zenith angle is at a minimum and is ...
Sunrise. Sunrise seen over the Atlantic Ocean through cirrus clouds on the Jersey Shore at Spring Lake, New Jersey, U.S. Sunrise (or sunup) is the moment when the upper rim of the Sun appears on the horizon in the morning, [1] at the start of the Sun path. The term can also refer to the entire process of the solar disk crossing the horizon.
The idea is based on the unit vector with its origin fixed at a chosen point on the surface of the Earth and its direction pointing to the center of the Sun all the time. If we calculate the position of the Sun, namely, the solar zenith angle and solar azimuth angle at say, one-hour step, for an entire year, the head of the unit vector traces ...