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This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, History of Ireland, Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and History of the United Kingdom
Shortly after their conquest of England in 1066, the Normans invaded Wales. Although, the Welsh reversed much of the Normans' initial advance, the Marcher lords continued to occupy significant parts of the country. By the 13th century the Welsh principality of Gwynedd posed a significant threat both to the Marcher lords and to the King of England.
Harald and William both invaded separately in 1066. Godwinson successfully repelled the invasion by Hardrada, but ultimately lost the throne of England in the Norman conquest of England. After the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, William the Conqueror made permanent the recent removal of the capital from Winchester to London.
The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003). Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660-1936 (1936). online; Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970. Sheppard, Eric William.
The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496, King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead an expedition to discover a northwest passage to Asia via the North Atlantic. [8]
Cnut the Great of Denmark becomes king of all England [18] 1018 Harthacnut, the future king of England, (r. 1040-1042), is born to parents Cnut the Great and Emma of Normandy. 1022 Harold II, the future king of England (r. 1066-1066), is born to parents Godwin of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir. 1028
England has remained in political unity ever since. During the reign of Æthelred the Unready (978–1016), a new wave of Danish invasions was orchestrated by Sweyn I of Denmark, culminating after a quarter-century of warfare in the Danish conquest of England in 1013. But Sweyn died on 2 February 1014, and Æþelræd was restored to the throne.
This map by Pierre-Francois Tardieu in 1798 shows attempted invasions of England and Ireland from 1066 to 1797. The eighth to eleventh century invasions of the British isles by the Vikings. Invasion and partial conquest by the Great Heathen Army in 865; Danish invasion of England, ending successfully at the Battle of Assandun in 1016