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The art of the Middle Ages was mainly religious, reflecting the relationship between God and man, created in His image. The animal often appears confronted or dominated by man, but a second current of thought stemming from Saint Paul and Aristotle, which developed from the 12th century onwards, includes animals and humans in the same community of living creatures.
Famous for the concept of Apeiron, or "the boundless". Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 585 – 525 BC). Of the Milesian school. Believed that all was made of air. Pythagoras of Samos (c. 580 – c. 500 BC). Of the Ionian School. Believed the deepest reality to be composed of numbers, and that souls are immortal. Xenophanes of Colophon (c. 570 – 480 ...
This list of wildlife artists is a list for any notable wildlife artist, wildlife painter, wildlife photographer, other wildlife artist, society of wildlife artists, ...
Some central topics of Western philosophy in its early modern (also classical modern) [66] [67] period include the nature of the mind and its relation to the body, the implications of the new natural sciences for traditional theological topics such as free will and God, and the emergence of a secular basis for moral and political philosophy. [68]
With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept which had developed from medieval Aristotelian metaphysics, and that fit well with natural theology; and ...
List of humanists; List of logicians; List of metaphysicians; List of social and political philosophers; List of phenomenologists; List of philosophers of language; List of philosophers of mind; List of philosophers of religion; List of philosophers of science; List of political philosophers; List of political theorists; List of rationalists ...
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Parmenides has been considered the founder of ontology or metaphysics and has influenced the whole history of Western philosophy. [8] His single known work, a poem later titled On Nature, has survived only in fragments. Approximately 160 verses remain today from an original total that was probably near 800. [8]