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Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis affecting more than 3.8% of people, while rheumatoid arthritis is the second most common affecting about 0.24% of people. [10] In Australia about 15% of people are affected by arthritis, [ 11 ] while in the United States more than 20% have a type of arthritis. [ 3 ]
Osteoarthritis commonly affects the hands, feet, spine, and the large weight-bearing joints, such as the hips and knees, although in theory, any joint in the body can be affected. As osteoarthritis progresses, movement patterns (such as gait), are typically affected. [1] Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of a joint effusion of the knee. [15]
A 2021 study found that the most effective methods for alleviating pain due to knee osteoarthritis were bariatric surgery, low-calorie diet and exercise, and intensive weight loss and exercise.
Cartilage in the knee may begin to break down after sustained stress, leaving the bones of the knee rubbing against each other and resulting in osteoarthritis. [7] Nearly a third of US citizens are affected by osteoarthritis of the knee by age 70. [8] Obesity is a known and very significant risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis. [9]
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used, proprietary set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints.
Having osteoarthritis or engaging in high-risk sports that involve rapid cut-and-run movements of the knee — football or tennis, for example — means an individual is more likely to develop water on the knee. In overweight or obese individuals the body places more weight on the knee joint. This causes more wear in the joint.
Increased stiffness early in the morning is often a prominent feature of the disease and typically lasts for more than an hour. Gentle movements may relieve symptoms in early stages of the disease. These signs help distinguish rheumatoid from non-inflammatory problems of the joints, such as osteoarthritis.
Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMC OA) is, also known as osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb, thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis, basilar (or basal) joint arthritis, or as rhizarthrosis. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This joint is formed by the trapezium bone of the wrist and the metacarpal bone of the thumb.