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A gender quota is a quota used by countries and parties to increase women's representation or substantive equality based on gender in legislatures. [1] Women are largely underrepresented in parliaments and account for a 26.9% average in parliaments globally. [2] As of November 2021, gender quotas have been adopted in 132 countries. [3]
Quota systems simply affect gender representation of the board and might not affect the number of women who reach the internal pool from which candidates are appointed. So even if there is greater gender diversity on a corporate board, the pool from which candidates are chosen remain disproportionately occupied by men.
One cross-national study found that the implementation of electoral gender quotas, which substantially increased women's representation in parliament, led to increased government expenditures toward public health and relative decreases in military spending, consistent with a presumption that women favor the former while men favor the latter in ...
Gender quotas have been argued to have a great impact in women’s representation. Countries with closed lists, some sort of proportional representation and gender quotas are a great terrain to foster women’s representation. [5] However, Brazil’s Senate does not have any of that in place.
In separate research, the consulting firm in 2024 found that women's representation at work over the past decade has increased at every level of corporate management — women today make up 29% of ...
Although the zipper system rank-order rule requires a 50–50 split between women and men on party lists, it does not always translate to equality of representation in legislatures. [6] While parties are required to alternate between men and women, they often put a man in the first position on the list. [ 17 ]
The law was enacted in 1991, during the presidency of Carlos Menem, and was the first gender quota law to be passed in Latin America. [1] Following Argentina's lead, eleven other Latin American countries have since introduced gender quotas to increase female representation at the national level. [1]
The purpose of implementing gender quotas, is to recruit women into political positions and to ensure that there is equal representation in policy [32] Gender quotas rule that women must constitute a certain number or percentage of a body of government. [32]