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Castor bean Also known as palma Christi, fatal even in small amounts [3] [16] Robinia pseudoacacia: Black locust Also known as false acacia [3] [4] Romulea: Known poisonous species include Romulea longifolia (Guildford grass) and R. rosea (onion grass or onion weed) [10] [22] Rudbeckia laciniata: Goldenglow, coneflower, or thimbleweed [8] Senecio
Swallowing castor beans rarely proves to be fatal unless the bean is thoroughly chewed. The survival rate of castor bean ingestion is 98%. [8] In 2013 a 37-year-old woman in the United States survived after ingesting 30 beans. [41] In another case, a man ingested 200 castor beans mixed with juice in a blender and survived. [42]
Horses do not normally eat fresh ragwort due to its bitter taste, however it loses this taste when dried, and becomes dangerous in hay. The result, if sufficient quantity is consumed, can be irreversible cirrhosis of the liver. Signs that a horse has been poisoned include yellow mucous membranes, depression, and lack of coordination.
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Toxalbumins are toxic plant proteins that disable ribosomes and thereby inhibit protein synthesis, producing severe cytotoxic effects in multiple organ systems. They are dimers held together by a disulfide bond and comprise a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) part which binds to the cell membrane and enables the toxin part to gain access to the cell contents.
Ricinus communis, the castor bean [1] or castor oil plant, [2] is a species of perennial flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus, Ricinus, and subtribe, Ricininae. The evolution of castor and its relation to other species are currently being studied using modern genetic tools. [3]
Abrin is an extremely toxic toxalbumin found in the seeds of the rosary pea (or jequirity pea), Abrus precatorius.It has a median lethal dose of 0.7 micrograms per kilogram of body mass when given to mice intravenously (approximately 3.86 times more toxic than ricin, being 2.7 micrograms per kilogram). [1]
A 37-year-old female ingested the pulp of 30 castor beans in an attempt to commit suicide from ricin poisoning. Trace amounts of the toxin were later found in her residence. She was found by her husband and immediately put in intensive care for a week but did not survive. [54]