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The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state, and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. The earliest evidence of hominid occupation discovered in what is today Bulgaria date from at least 1.4 million years ago. [1]
Bulgaria, [a] officially the Republic of Bulgaria, [b] is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north.
Event. 632. Great Bulgaria was formed after the unification of the tribes of Kutrigurs, Utigurs, and Onogurs (Onodonduri). 635. A peace treaty was signed by Kubrat with the Byzantine Empire. 668. Khazar 's pressure caused Great Bulgaria to decline. Volga Bulgaria (7th century–1240s) is formed. 680/681.
The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: блъгарьско цѣсарьствиѥ, romanized: blŭgarĭsko tsěsarǐstvije; Bulgarian: Първо българско царство) was a medieval state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 680–681 after part of the Bulgars, led by ...
History of Bulgaria. Dark Ages c. 6th–7th cent. After the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the 1878 Treaty of Berlin set up an autonomous state, the Principality of Bulgaria, within the Ottoman Empire. Although remaining under Ottoman sovereignty, it functioned independently, taking Alexander of Battenberg as its first prince in 1879.
Culture of Bulgaria. Bulgarian traditional dance. A man from Florence, 1888 Renaissance-style painting by Konstantin Velichkov. A number of ancient civilizations, including the Thracians, ancient Greeks, Scythians, Celts, ancient Romans, Goths (Ostrogoths and Visigoths), Slavs (East and West Slavs), Varangians and the Bulgars have left their ...
From the 14th century till the 19th century Sofia was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire. It became the capital of the beylerbeylik of Rumelia (Rumelia Eyalet), the province that administered the Ottoman lands in Europe (the Balkans), one of the two together with the beylerbeylik of Anatolia.
In 1018, Bulgaria lost its independence and remained a Byzantine subject until 1185, when the Second Bulgarian Empire was created. [131] Nevertheless, at the end of the 14th century, the Ottomans conquered the whole of Bulgaria. [132] Under the Ottoman system, Christians were considered an inferior class of people.