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Germany was the leader of the Central Powers, which included Austria-Hungary at the start of the war as well as the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; arrayed against them were the Allies, consisting chiefly of Russia, France, and Britain at the beginning of the war, Italy, which joined the Allies in 1915, and the United States, which joined the ...
Each country stockpiled arms and supplies for an army that ran into the millions. Germany in 1874 had a regular professional army of 420,000 with an additional 1.3 million reserves. By 1897, the regular army was 545,000 strong and the reserves 3.4 million. The French in 1897 had 3.4 million reservists, Austria 2.6 million, and Russia 4.0 million.
World War I mobilization, 1 August 1914. Germany's population had already responded to the outbreak of war in 1914 with a complex mix of emotions, in a similar way to the populations of emotions in the United Kingdom; notions of universal enthusiasm known as the Spirit of 1914 have been challenged by more recent scholarship. [1]
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
The United States declares war on Germany. [63] April 7 Politics: Cuba declares war on Germany. [24] Politics: Panama declares war on Germany. [24] Asian and Pacific: Scuttling of SMS Cormoran in Guam, the only hostile action between American and German forces in the Pacific. April 9 – May 17 Western: Second Battle of Arras.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I: . World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918.
The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918 (2009). Herweg, Holger H., and Neil Heyman. Biographical Dictionary of World War I (1982). Hubatsch, Walther. Germany and the Central Powers in the World War, 1914– 1918 (1963) online [dead link ] Archived 16 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine; Jarausch, Konrad Hugo.
The Allies or the Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).