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The Stokes I, Q, U and V parameters. The Stokes parameters are a set of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation.They were defined by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851, [1] [2] as a mathematically convenient alternative to the more common description of incoherent or partially polarized radiation in terms of its total intensity (I), (fractional) degree of ...
Here U is the Ursell parameter (or Stokes parameter). For long waves (λ ≫ h) of small height H, i.e. U ≪ 32π 2 /3 ≈ 100, second-order Stokes theory is applicable. Otherwise, for fairly long waves (λ > 7h) of appreciable height H a cnoidal wave description is more appropriate. [6]
Polarization is an important parameter in areas of science dealing with transverse waves, such as optics, seismology, radio, and microwaves. Especially impacted are technologies such as lasers, wireless and optical fiber telecommunications, and radar.
The Stokes number (Stk), named after George Gabriel Stokes, is a dimensionless number characterising the behavior of particles suspended in a fluid flow. The Stokes number is defined as the ratio of the characteristic time of a particle (or droplet ) to a characteristic time of the flow or of an obstacle, or
The most important parameter in duct acoustics. If ω {\displaystyle \omega } is the dimensional frequency , then k 0 {\displaystyle k_{0}} is the corresponding free field wavenumber and H e {\displaystyle He} is the corresponding dimensionless frequency [ 7 ]
When the bases are rotated by 45 degrees around the viewing axis, the definition of the third Stokes component becomes equivalent [dubious – discuss] [clarification needed] to that of the second, that is the difference in field intensity between the horizontal and vertical polarizations. Thus, if the instrument is rotated out of plane from ...
Poincaré sphere, on or beneath which the three Stokes parameters [S 1, S 2, S 3] (or [Q, U, V]) are plotted in Cartesian coordinates Depiction of the polarization states on Poincaré sphere. Often the total beam power is not of interest, in which case a normalized Stokes vector is used by dividing the Stokes vector by the total intensity S 0:
Everything must interfere so that the second and third pictures agree; beam x has amplitude E and beam y has amplitude 0, providing Stokes relations. The most interesting result here is that r=-r’. Thus, whatever phase is associated with reflection on one side of the interface, it is 180 degrees different on the other side of the interface.