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For cables, the swapping is gradual and continuous; that is the two or three conductors are twisted around each other. For communication cables, this is called twisted pair. For overhead power lines or open pair communication lines, the conductors are exchanged at pylons, for example at transposition towers or at utility poles, respectively.
Twisted-pair cabling was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881. [4] By 1900, the entire American telephone network was either twisted pair or open wire with transposition to guard against interference. Today, most of the twisted pairs in the world are outdoor landlines, owned and maintained by telephone companies, used for voice service.
Star quad is a four-conductor cable in which all four conductors are twisted together around the cable axis. It is sometimes used for two circuits, such as 4-wire telephony and other telecommunications applications. In this configuration each pair uses two non-adjacent conductors.
The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conductors can be wires in a twisted-pair or ribbon cable or traces on a printed circuit board. Electrically, the two conductors carry voltage signals which are equal in magnitude, but of opposite polarity. The receiving ...
Strictly, a passenger vehicle that collects motive electric power from a pair of overhead conductors. tuned circuit A circuit that displays a peak response at some frequency. twisted pair Two wires twisted around each other, possibly covered with an overall sheath; this configuration rejects some kinds of interference. two-phase electric power
R and L are elements in series with the line (because they are properties of the conductor) and C and G are elements shunting the line (because they are properties of the dielectric material between the conductors). G represents leakage current through the dielectric and in most cables is very small. The word loop is used to emphasise that the ...
The wire pairs are referenced directly by their color combination, or by the pair number. For example, pair 9 is also called the red-brown pair. In technical tabulations, the colors are often suitably abbreviated. Violet is the standard name in the telecommunications and electronics industry, but it is sometimes referred to as purple.
The best practice is to keep data or signal cables physically separated by at least 3 inches (75mm) from 'heavy' power circuits which are in parallel. Analog signal cable used in professional audio applications is usually shielded twisted pair cable terminated in XLR connectors. The twisted pair carries the signal in a balanced audio configuration.