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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. [1] [2] It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. [1] [2] It is taken by mouth.
SGLT2 is mainly expressed in the kidneys on the epithelial cells lining the first segment of the proximal convoluted tubule. By inhibiting SGLT2, gliflozins prevent the kidneys' reuptake of glucose from the glomerular filtrate and subsequently lower the glucose level in the blood and promote the excretion of glucose in the urine . [41] [42]
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
Those included nausea and vomiting, kidney stones, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), sleep issues, stomach cramps, pancreatitis, and gastroparesis (i.e. stomach paralysis).
The findings suggest IL1B macrophages could be a promising therapeutic target to treat kidney cancer, given this cell type has already been targeted using existing drugs that prevent lung cancer.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval makes the drug, chemically known as semaglutide, to become the first GLP-1 treatment option for people with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
GLP-1 agonists are being studied for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). They are at least as effective as the medications in current use, pioglitazone and Vitamin E , and significantly reduce steatosis, ballooning necrosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis according to a 2023 systematic review. [ 18 ]
After a kidney disease battle that included weight loss, a new kidney and a whole lot of self-reflection, Atkinson hopes to raise awareness about the kidney disease signs and lifestyle risk ...