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Cellular network standards and generation timeline. This is a comparison of standards of wireless networking technologies for devices such as mobile phones.A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s.
Typical 2G standards include GSM and IS-95 with extensions via GPRS, EDGE and 1xRTT, providing Internet access to users of originally voice centric 2G networks. Both EDGE and 1xRTT are 3G standards, as defined by the ITU , but are usually marketed as 2.9G due to their comparatively low speeds and high delays when compared to true 3G technologies.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is commonly marketed as 4G LTE, but it did not initially meet the technical criteria of a 4G wireless service, as specified in the 3GPP Release 8 and 9 document series for LTE Advanced. Given the competitive pressures of WiMAX and its evolution with Advanced new releases, it has become synonymous with 4G. It was first ...
ETSI and 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, such as GSM and LTE, define supplementary service codes that make it possible to query and set certain service parameters (e.g., call forwarding) directly from mobile devices.
Networks on LTE bands 1, 3 (LTE-FDD) are suitable for roaming in ITU Regions 1, 3 and partially Region 2 (e.g. Costa Rica, Venezuela, Brazil and some Caribbean countries or territories. Networks on LTE band 20 (LTE-FDD) are suitable for roaming in ITU Region 1 only. Networks on LTE band 5 (LTE-FDD) are suitable for roaming in ITU Regions 2 and 3.
The Interworking MSC of the SMSC, on receipt of the MAP mo-ForwardSM message, passes the SMS-PP [2] Application Protocol Data Unit (APDU) containing the text message to the actual Service Centre (SC) of the SMSC for storing, and subsequent "forwarding" (delivery) to the destination address and the SC returns an acknowledgement indicating ...
Phases 1 and 2 were defined before 3G networks existed, and as such support adding IN services to a GSM network, although they are equally applicable to 2.5G and 3G networks. Phase 3 was defined for 3GPP Releases 99 and 4, and hence is a GSM and UMTS common specification, while Phase 4 was defined as part of 3GPP Release 5.
The document presented a vision for how mobile communications might develop which outlined ideas for both the PCNs and the CT2 standards. PCN is comparable to the North American Personal Communications Service band allocation. The 1800 MHz DCS band is reused in UMTS, LTE and 5G NR; it sees real-world deployment in LTE as "band 3".