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pH-responsive tumor-targeted drug delivery detects the changes in the pH within the body. These polymer drug carriers carry the therapeutic drugs to allow for targeted drug delivery. The purpose of the pH- triggered drug release is to deliver the drug precisely to the area of the tumor and not activate and release the drug in healthy tissue. [1]
Developments in targeted drug delivery to tumors have provided the groundwork for the burgeoning field of targeted drug delivery to cardiac tissue. [5] Recent developments have shown that there are different endothelial surfaces in tumors, which has led to the concept of endothelial cell adhesion molecule-mediated targeted drug delivery to tumors.
Targeted cancer therapies are expected to be more effective than older forms of treatments and less harmful to normal cells. Many targeted therapies are examples of immunotherapy (using immune mechanisms for therapeutic goals) developed by the field of cancer immunology. Thus, as immunomodulators, they are one type of biological response modifiers.
Conventional drug delivery is limited by the inability to control dosing, target specific sites, and achieve targeted permeability. Traditional methods of delivering therapeutics to the body experience challenges in achieving and maintaining maximum therapeutic effect while avoiding the effects of drug toxicity.
Targeted drug delivery systems facilitate the selective delivery of therapeutic agents to specific disease sites while minimizing off-target effects. These systems employ strategies, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles, to encapsulate drugs and enhance their stability, solubility, and bioavailability. [15]
Liposomal medicine research for cancer therapy has increased over the years as an alternative to conventional cancer treatment. [15] There is an interest in liposomal medicine because it features targeted drug delivery while mitigating the damage to healthy cells and tissues. [15]
Targeted drug delivery is the delivery of a drug to its target site without having an effect on other tissues. [22] Interest in targeted drug delivery has grown drastically due to its potential implications in the treatment of cancers and other chronic diseases.
For example, Makhmalzadeh et al. proposed an ultrasound-triggered drug delivery method involving the use of thermo-responsive hydrogels loaded with silibinin, a cancer drug for treating melanoma. [16] [41] At low temperatures, these thermo-responsive hydrogels exist in liquid form but following ultrasonication, they transition into a gel state.