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Lactic acid is an organic acid. It has the molecular formula C 3 H 6 O 3. ... being much richer with lactate, as was found in microdialysis studies. ...
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are either rod-shaped (), or spherical (), and are characterized by an increased tolerance to acidity (low pH range).This aspect helps LAB to outcompete other bacteria in a natural fermentation, as they can withstand the increased acidity from organic acid production (e.g., lactic acid).
Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.
The lactic acid produced by the bacterium curdles the milk, which then separates to form curds that are used to produce cheese. [11] Other uses that have been reported for this bacterium include the production of pickled vegetables , beer or wine, some breads, and other fermented foodstuffs like soymilk kefir , buttermilk, and others. [ 12 ]
Pathway by which glucose is converted to lactic acid as a means of energy production. L. acidophilus is a homofermentative anaerobic microorganism, meaning it only produces lactic acid as an end product of fermentation; and that it can only ferment hexoses (not pentoses) by way of the EMP pathway (glycolysis). [5]
Levilactobacillus brevis is a gram-positive, rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria which is heterofermentative, creating CO 2, lactic acid and acetic acid or ethanol during fermentation. L. brevis is the type species of the genus Levilactobacillus (previously L. brevis group), which comprises 24 species.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a lactic acid bacterium found in a variety of natural environments, including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals. It does not appear to be pathogenic and may have health effects.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a species of lactic acid bacteria associated with fermentation, under conditions of salinity and low temperatures (such as lactic acid production in fermented sausages). [2] In some cases of vegetable and food storage, it was associated with pathogenicity (soft rot, slime and unpleasant odor). [3]