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Some people focus on blood tests, given the easy availability for diagnosis. Among the studies for blood tests, the highest sensitivity and specificity reported to date is testing circulating erythrocytes [9] (s=98.3%, e=89.5%).
The cerebrospinal fluid is tested for oligoclonal bands of IgG on electrophoresis, which are inflammation markers found in 75–85% of people with MS. [2] [9] The nervous system in MS may respond less actively to stimulation of the optic nerve and sensory nerves due to demyelination of such pathways.
According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, most people are diagnosed with MS between the ages of 20 and 50. However, it can occur in younger people, too. However, it can occur in ...
Pain is a common symptom in MS. A 2013 study which systematically pooled results from 28 studies (7101 patients) estimated that pain affected 63% of people with MS. [97] These 28 studies described pain in a large range of different people with MS. The authors found no evidence that pain was more common in people with progressive types of MS, in ...
Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are bands of immunoglobulins that are seen when a patient's blood serum, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is analyzed. They are used in the diagnosis of various neurological and blood diseases. Oligoclonal bands are present in the CSF of more than 95% of patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. [1]
Multiple sclerosis patients do not have it in blood, but it has been shown that 13% of tested patients reacted with the epitope AQPaa252-275. It is not known if these antibodies define distinct MS subsets, or are simply markers of astrocytic damage
In medicine, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. It may be defined as a "cellular, biochemical or molecular alteration in cells, tissues or fluids that can be measured and evaluated to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention."
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