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  2. Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock

    Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for "other" sedimentary rocks formed by impacts, volcanism, and other minor processes.

  3. Microbialite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbialite

    Microbialite is a benthic sedimentary deposit made of carbonate mud (particle diameter less than 5 μm) that is formed with the mediation of microbes. The constituent carbonate mud is a type of automicrite (or authigenic carbonate mud ); therefore, it precipitates in situ instead of being transported and deposited.

  4. Pelagic sediment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment

    Red clay, also known as either brown clay or pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. It covers 38% of the ocean floor and accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1–0.5 cm/1000 yr. [1] Containing less than 30% biogenic material, it consists of sediment that remains after the dissolution of both calcareous and siliceous biogenic ...

  5. Biogenic substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenic_substance

    Crude oil, a transformed biogenic substance Natural gum, a secretion from Hevea brasiliensis. A biogenic substance is a product made by or of life forms. While the term originally was specific to metabolite compounds that had toxic effects on other organisms, [1] it has developed to encompass any constituents, secretions, and metabolites of plants or animals. [2]

  6. Siltstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltstone

    Siltstone is an unusual rock, in which most of the silt grains are made of quartz. [11] The origin of quartz silt has been a topic of much research and debate. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Some quartz silt likely has its origin in fine-grained foliated metamorphic rock, [ 14 ] while much marine silt is likely biogenic, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] but most quartz sediments ...

  7. Biomineralization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomineralization

    The mollusc shell is a biogenic composite material that has been the subject of much interest in materials science because of its unusual properties and its model character for biomineralization. Molluscan shells consist of 95–99% calcium carbonate by weight, while an organic component makes up the remaining 1–5%.

  8. Sedimentary structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_structures

    Sedimentary structures include all kinds of features in sediments and sedimentary rocks, formed at the time of deposition. Sediments and sedimentary rocks are characterized by bedding , which occurs when layers of sediment, with different particle sizes are deposited on top of each other. [ 1 ]

  9. Marine sediment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment

    Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor.These particles either have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly by rivers but also by dust carried by wind and by the flow of glaciers into the sea, or they are biogenic deposits from marine organisms or from ...

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